Lingulodinium polyedrum

From Black Sea Phytoplankton checklist

(Difference between revisions)

Latest revision as of 13:49, 7 January 2014

Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein, 1883) Dodge, 1989

= Gonyaulax polyedra F.Stein 1883 (basionym)

= Gonyaulax polyedra F. Stein, 1883 (mentioned for the Black Sea)

Classification

Chromista (Kingdom) > Myzozoa (Phylum) > Dinophyceae (Class) > Gonyaulacales (Order) > Gonyaulacaceae (Family) > Lingulodinium (Genus)

WoRMS: 233592
Spelling variations: Lingulodinium polyedra

Properties

Environment: marine
Habitat: neritic
Biogeographic group: boreal
Harmful effect: not described
(Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2010) IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae at http://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=233592 on 2010-10-15)
Bioluminescence:Sweeny, 1963 (Pacific Ocean, as Gonyaulax polyedra); Poupin, J.P., A.S. Cussatlegras & P. Geistdoerfer, 1999 (Atlantic Ocean); C.L.J. Marcinko et al., 2013
Black Sea bioluminescence: Bityukov E. P., Evstigneev P. V., Tokarev Yu. N., 1993
Black Sea blooming species (Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999;)
Remarks: Harmful effect was proved for the Black sea (Vershinin A. O., Orlova T. Yu., 2008)

Occurrence

	References
Black Sea	Gomez F. & Boicenko L., 2004; Mikaelyan A.S. et al., 2008; Kiselev I.A., 1950; Bryantseva Yu., 2000; Ivanov A.I., 1965; Georgieva L.V., 1979 (Bosphorus area); Bityukov E. P., Evstigneev P. V., Tokarev Yu. N., 1993; Sukhanova I. N., Belyaeva T. V., 1980
Bulgaria	Konsulov A., 1998; S. Moncheva(IO-BAS), 2010; Petrova V., 1963; Petrova V., 1957; Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999; Valkanov A., 1957
Geogria	Komakhidze A. & N.Mazmanidi, 1998; Gvarishvili Ts., 2010
Romania	Petranu A., 1997; Skolka V.H., Roban A., 1989; Bodeanu N., 1987-1988
Russia	Morozova-Vodyanitskaya N.V., 1948 (Novorossiysk); O.Yasakova, 2010 (Novorossiysk); Mikhaylovskaya Z.N., 1936 (Novorossiysk); Nezlin N.P., Zernova V.V., 1983 (NE); Vershinin A. O., Orlova T. Yu., 2008
Turkey	Ozturk B., 1998; M.Turkoglu, T.Koray, 2002; Eker E., 1998; Skolka V.H., Bodeanu N., 1963; Baytut O., Gonulol A., Koray T., 2010; Seyfettin Tas, Erdogan Okus, 2006; Gülnur Özdemyr, Orhan Ak, 2012
Ukraine	Senicheva M.I., 2008 (Sevastopol Bay, Sevastopol coastal zone, Laspi Bay, Karadag); Zaitsev Y.P. & B.G. Alexandrov, 1998; Polikarpov I.G. et al., 2003; Krahmalniy A.; Morozova-Vodyanitskaya N.V., 1948 (Sevastopol, Karadag); Dereziuk, N., 2008; Bryantseva Yu., 2010; Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., Terenko G.V., 2006 (NW); Nesterova D.A., 2002 (NW, dry estuary); Ryabushko L.I., 2003; Stroikina V.G., 1950 (Karadag); Stroikina V.G., 1940 (Karadag); Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., 2009; Terenko G., Kovalyshyna S., Grandova M., 2011; Ivanov A.I. 1959; Ivanov A.I. 1960; Nesterova D. A., 2003; Zernov S. A., 1913; Prokudina L. A., 1952; Zaremba N. V., 2011; Krakhmalny A. F., 2011a; Zaremba N. B., 2013 (Kerch strait);

Data from literature

Place	Year	Season	Type	Abundance 10⁶cells·l^-1	Reference
Varna Bay	1987	autumn	max	1.6	Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay	1988	summer	max	1.2	Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay	1989	summer	max	1.2	Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay	1992	summer	max	1.0	Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999

T(°C) ,S(‰), N-NO2(mg l^-1), N-N03(mg l^-1), P-PO4(mg l^-1), Total Fe(mg l^-1), Chl-a (mg l^-1)

Cell volume

	Minimum	Average	Maximum	Database
1	9643	27759,1	47726	Cell volumes of phytoplankton of the Black Sea A.S.Mikaelyan, L.G.Senichkina, L.A.Pautova, L.V.Georgieva, V.Dyakonov
2	6054.1	23043.6	51051	Bryantseva Yu., 2000. Changes in structural characteristic of phytoplankton in the Black Sea
3	5236.0		179503.3	Dereziuk, N., 2008. List of Phytoplankton Species Observed in the Water Area near the Zmiinyi Island in 2004-2007
4	11136.9	26533	56745	Bryantseva Yu., 2010. Sevastopol Bay phytoplankton monitoring database 2008 -2009
5				Сеничкина Л.Г., 1983. Фитопланктон северо-западной части Черного моря в зимний период 1979.
6		40224		Нестерова Д. А., 2003. Фитопланктон западной части Черного моря в летний период 1987.

* (volumes are in cubic microns), values extracted from database

Volume and surface area calculation

	Shape
Simple shape	prolate spheroid
K(flattening factor)	1
More accurate shape	cone + trunc. cone

Hillebrand et al., 1999 - ellipsoid (Hillebrand, H., Dürselen, C. D., Kirschtel, D., Pollingher, D. and Zohary, T. (1999) Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae. J. Phycol., 35, 403–424)

Appearance in checklists

1886

1900

1950

2000

2010

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	33	34	35	36	38	49	54	55	56	57
x ¹	x	x	x ⁴	x ⁵	x	x ⁷	x ⁸	x	x				x	x			x ¹⁸		x					x ²⁵		x		x ³⁴	x	x	x ³⁸	x ⁴⁹	x ⁵⁴	x ⁵⁵

58

63

67

68

72

73

74

75

77

78

84

85

86

87

88

89

92

93

94

99

100

101

102

103

105

108

109

110

116

117

118

119

120

123

125

x ⁵⁸

x ⁶⁷

x

x ⁷²

x ⁷³

x ⁷⁴

x

x ⁸⁵

x ⁸⁹

x ⁹²

x ⁹⁴

x

x ¹⁰⁵

x

x ¹⁰⁹

x ¹¹⁰

x ¹²³

x ¹²⁵

1 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 4 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 5 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 7 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 8 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 18 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 25 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 34 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 38 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 49 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 54 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 55 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 58 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 67 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 72 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 73 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 74 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 85 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 89 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 92 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 94 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 105 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 109 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 110 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 123 - as Gonyaulax polyedra; 125 - as also Gonyaulax polyedra;

References

Baytut O., Gonulol A., Koray T., 2010. Temporal variations of phytoplankton in relation to eutrophication in Samsun bay, southern Black Sea. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sc.(10): 363-372.

Bityukov E. P., Evstigneev P. V., Tokarev Yu. N., 1993. Luminescent dinoflagellata of the Black Sea as affected by anthropogenic factors. Hydrobiological Journal, Vol. 29: 27-34.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Bodeanu N., 1987-1988. Structure et dynamique d'algoflore unicellulaire dans les eaux du littoral roumain de la mer Noire. Recherches marines(20/21): 19 - 250.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Bryantseva_Yu.,_2000. Variability of the Black Sea phytoplankton structural characteristics. PhD thesis, Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, NASU.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Bryantseva Yu., 2010. Sevastopol Bay phytoplankton monitoring database. Database.

Dereziuk_N.,_2008. List of Phytoplankton Species Observed in the Water Area near the Zmiinyi Island in 2004-2007. In: Zmiinyi Island. Ecosystem of Coastal Waters: monograph, Astroprint, Odesa, Ch. XII: 208-218.

Eker, E. 1998. Abundance and biomass of micro and nanophytoplankton in the northwestern and southern Black Sea in 1995. Master thesis, Middle East Technical University, IMS.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Georgieva L.V., 1979. Phytoplankton of straits and nearest waters of Mediterranean basin (Фитопланктон проливов и прилежащих вод Средиземноморского бассейна). PhD thesis, Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, NASU, Sevastopol, Ukraine.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Gomez_F.,_Boicenko_L.,2004. An annotated checklist of dinoflagellates in the Black Sea. Hidrobiologia, Vol. 517: 43-59.

Gvarishvili_Ts.,_2010. Phytoplankton species composition along the Georgian Black Sea coast. Personal list.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Gülnur Özdemyr, Orhan Ak, 2012. Qualitative and quantitative changes of phytoplankton in the South East Black sea (Trabzon coasts). Yunus Arastýrma Bülteni(4): 13 - 25^*
* - as also Gonyaulax polyedra

Ivanov A. I., 1959. About phytoplankton mass development in the Northern-Western part of the Black Sea in 1954 - 1956. Proceedings of Odessa Biological Station(1): 6 - 33.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Ivanov A. I., 1960. Characteristics of qualitative composition and quantitative distribution of phytoplankton in the north-western Black Sea. Transactions of the hydrobiological society of the USSR, Vol. X: 182 - 196.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Ivanov_A.I.,_1965. Characteristics of the qualitative composition of Black Sea phytoplankton. In: The study of plankton of the Black and Azov seas, Naukova dumka, Kiev: 17-35.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Kiselev_I.A.,_1950. Thecate Flagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the Seas and Freshwater Reservoirs of the USSR., USSR Acad. Sci. Publ. House, Moscow-Leningrad, 280 pp.

Komakhidze_A._&_N._Mazmanidi_1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Georgia. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 8, United Nations Publication, New York, 167 pp.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Konsulov A., 1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Bulgaria. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 5, United Nations Publication, New York, 131 pp.

Krakhmalny A. F., 2011a. Dinophyta of Ukraine (illustrated book for identification). Kiev:Alterpres, 444 pp.

Krakhmalny A.F., Panina Z.A., Krakhmalny M.A., 2006. In P.M.Tsarenko and S.P.Wasser and E.Nevo (ed.): Dinophyta. Algae of Ukraine: Diversity, Nomenclature, Taxonomy, Ecology and Geography, Ruggell. A.R.A. Gantner Verlag K.G., Liechtenstein, Vol. 1: 470-532.

Mikaelyan_A.S._et_al.,_2008. Cell volumes of phytoplankton of the Black Sea. Database.

Mikhaylovskaya Z.N., 1936. Phytoplankton of the bay of Novorossiysk and its vertical distribution. Works of the V.M. Arnoldi biological station of Novorossiysk, Vol. II(1): 37-54.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

S._Moncheva(IO-BAS),_2010. Species lists based on sampling identifications and literature. Personal list. Bulgarian waters.

Morozova-Vodyanitskaya_N.V.,_1948. Phytoplankton of the Black Sea: Part 1. Tr. Sevast. Biol. Stantsii, Vol. 6: 39–72.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Nesterova D. A., 2002. Phytoplankton of the dry estuary and contiguous part of the Black sea. Environmental safety of coastal and shelf zone and comprehensive use of shelf resource, Vol. 1(6): 355-364.

Nesterova D. A., 2003. Variability of specific surface of cells of phytoplankton in western part of Black sea. Algologia, Vol. 13(1): 16-25.

Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., 2009. Karkinit Bay phytoplankton in September of 2008. Ecological safety of coastal and shelf zones and comprehensive use of shelf resources: Collected scientific papers(20): 293 - 300.

Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., Terenko G.V., 2006. In: North-Western part of the Black Sea: biology and ecology, Naukova dumka, Kiev: 557-576.

Nezlin N.P., Zernova V.V., 1983. Species composition of the phytoplankton in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea and sizes of some species. In: Seasonal changes of the Black Sea phytoplankton, Nauka, M.: 6 - 12.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Ozturk B., 1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Turkey. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 9, United Nations Publication, New York, 144 pp.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Petranu_A.,_1997. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Romania. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 4, United Nations Publication, New York, 315 pp.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Petrova V., 1957. Dinoflagellata of the Black Sea Bulgarian coast. Bulletin de L'Institut central de recherche scientifique de pisciculture et de pecherie - Varna, Vol. 1: 113–124.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Petrova V., 1963. The phytoplankton along the bulgarian coast of the Black sea during the 1954-1957 period. Bulletin de L'Institut central de recherche scientifique de pisciculture et de pecherie - Varna, Vol. 3: 31–60.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Polikarpov_I.G._et_al.,_2003. Microplankton biological diversity in the Black Sea coastal zone near Sevastopol (2001-2003). In Eremeev V.N., Gaevskaya A.V. (ed.): Modern condition of biological diversity in near-shore zone of Crimea (the Black sea sector), Ekosi-Gidrophizika, Sevastopol, Ch. 1: 16-42.

Prokudina L. A., 1952. Catalogue of Black sea fauna and flora near Karadag biological station. Works of Karagad biol. st. Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR(12): 116-127.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Ryabushko L.I., 2003. Potentially harmful microalgae of the Azov and Black Sea basin. EKOSI-Gidrofizika, Sevastopol, 288 pp.

Senicheva M.I., 2008. Species diversity, seasonal and annual variability of plankton microalgae near Crimea coast. In: The Black Sea microalgae: problems of biodiversity preservation and biotechnological usage, publisher, address, Ch. I: 5-18.

Seyfettin Tas, Erdogan Okus, 2006. Investigation of qualitatively phytoplankton in the Turkish coasts of the Black Sea and a species list. J. Black sea/Mediterranean Environment, Vol. 12: 181-191.

Skolka V.H., Bodeanu N., 1963. Research of the Bosphorus part of the Black Sea. Revue de biologie, Vol. 8(1): 89–104.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Skolka V.H., Roban A., 1989. La repartition et la dynamique du phytoplancton sur la plateforme continentale roumaine au cours des annees 1980-1981. In: Recherches marines, publisher, Constanta: 147-171.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Stroikina V.G., 1940. Species composition of the phytoplankton near Karadag, Black Sea. Works of Karadag biological station of academy of sciences of Ukrainian SSR(6): 94-96.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Stroikina V.G., 1950. Phytoplankton of the Black sea near Karadag and it's seasonal dynamics. Works of Karadag biological station of academy of sciences of Ukrainian SSR(10): 38-52.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Sukhanova I. N., Belyaeva T. V., 1980. Species composition, distribution and diurnal changes in phytoplankton of the Black Sea in October of 1978. In: Pelagical ecosystems of the Black Sea, Nauka, M.: 65 - 91.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Terenko G., Kovalyshyna S., Grandova M., 2011. Long-term structural changes in the phytoplankton community of NWBS. In: 3rd Bi-annual BS Scientific Conference and UP-GRADE BS-SCENE Project Joint Conference Abstracts, Odessa, Ukraine 1 - 4 November 2011, 192.

M.Turkoglu,_T.Koray,_2002. Phytoplankton species succession and nutrients in the Southern Black Sea (Bay of Sinop). Turkish Journal of Botany(26): 235–252.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Valkanov A., 1957. Catalogue of our Black sea fauna. Proceedings of marine biological station in Varna(Bulgaria), Vol. 19: 1-62.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999. Phytoplankton dynamics and red tides (1987 – 1997) in the Bulgarian Black Sea. Water Science and Technology, Vol. 39(8): 27-36.

Vershinin A. O., Orlova T. Yu., 2008. Toxic and harmful algae in coastal waters of the Russian federation. Oceanology, Vol. 48(4): 568-582.

O.Yasakova,_2010. Phytoplankton of the northern-eastern part of Black Sea 1995 - 2009. Personal list.

Zaitsev_Y._P._&_B._G._Alexandrov,_1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Ukraine. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 7, United Nations Publication, New York, 351 pp.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Zaremba N. V., 2011. Change of phytoplankton community in the Southern Kerch Strait in 2003-2008: The main results of complex research in the basins of Azov and Black seas and in the world ocean. Proceedings of YugNIRO, Vol. 49: 72-79.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Zaremba N. B., 2013. Phytoplankton community of the southern Kerch Strait during late spring period in 2009–2012. YugNIRO Proceedings V.51: 40 - 43^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

Zernov S. A., 1913. To the issue of study of the Black Sea life. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vol. 32(1): 299.^*
* - as Gonyaulax polyedra

	List based on literature analysis
	List extracted from database
	List extracted from published paper, which is based on monitoring(scientific) research of scientist(s) and includes analysis of real collected data
	Personal list, based on monitoring(scientific research) of scientist (not published as article)
	Identification book

Last revision on 20-05-2013

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Taxonomy
-| kingdom = Protozoa
+| kingdom = Chromista
 | phylum = Myzozoa
 | class = Dinophyceae
-| order = Peridiniales
+| order = Gonyaulacales
 | family =  Gonyaulacaceae
 | genus = Lingulodinium
 | species = polyedrum
 | author =  (Stein, 1883) Dodge, 1989
-| forma =
+| basionym = ''Gonyaulax polyedra'' F.Stein 1883
-| variety =
+| lsid = urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:50026
-| synonyms = ''Gonyaulax polyedra'' F. Stein, 1883
+| synonyms = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''  F. Stein, 1883
 | aphiaid = 233592
 | spellvariations = ''Lingulodinium polyedra''
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 {{Properties
+| env =  marine
+| envref= WoRMS
+| habitat = neritic
+| habitatref = Petrova V., 1957 (73)
+| biogeo = boreal
+| biogeoref = Petrova V., 1957 (73)
 | harmful = not described
 | harmfulref = Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2010) IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae at http://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=233592 on 2010-10-15
+| biolumrefs = Sweeny, 1963 (Pacific Ocean, as ''Gonyaulax polyedra''); Poupin, J.P., A.S. Cussatlegras & P. Geistdoerfer, 1999 (Atlantic Ocean); C.L.J. Marcinko et al., 2013
+| biolumbs = Bityukov E. P., Evstigneev P. V., Tokarev Yu. N., 1993
+| blooming = x
+| bloomingref = Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999;
 }}
+'''Remarks''': Harmful effect was proved for the Black sea (Vershinin A. O., Orlova T. Yu., 2008)
 {{Occurrence
-| bsref = Gomez F. & Boicenko L., 2004; Mikaelyan A.S. et al., 2008; Kiselev I.A., 1950; Bryantseva Yu., 2000
+| bsref = Gomez F. & Boicenko L., 2004; Mikaelyan A.S. et al., 2008; Kiselev I.A., 1950; Bryantseva Yu., 2000; Ivanov A.I., 1965; Georgieva L.V., 1979 (Bosphorus area); Bityukov E. P., Evstigneev P. V., Tokarev Yu. N., 1993; Sukhanova I. N., Belyaeva T. V., 1980
 | bg = +
-| bgref = Konsulov A., 1998; S. Moncheva(IO-BAS), 2010
+| bgref = Konsulov A., 1998; S. Moncheva(IO-BAS), 2010; Petrova V., 1963; Petrova V., 1957; Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999; Valkanov A., 1957
 | ge = +
 | geref = Komakhidze A. & N.Mazmanidi, 1998; Gvarishvili Ts., 2010
 | ro = +
-| roref = Petranu A., 1997
+| roref = Petranu A., 1997; Skolka V.H., Roban A., 1989; Bodeanu N., 1987-1988
 | ru = +
-| ruref = Morozova-Vodyanitskaya N.V., 1948 (Novorossiysk); O.Yasakova, 2010 (Novorossiysk)
+| ruref = Morozova-Vodyanitskaya N.V., 1948 (Novorossiysk); O.Yasakova, 2010 (Novorossiysk); Mikhaylovskaya Z.N., 1936 (Novorossiysk); Nezlin N.P., Zernova V.V., 1983 (NE); Vershinin A. O., Orlova T. Yu., 2008
 | tr = +
-| trref = Ozturk B., 1998; M.Turkoglu, T.Koray, 2002; Eker E., 1998
+| trref = Ozturk B., 1998; M.Turkoglu, T.Koray, 2002; Eker E., 1998; Skolka V.H., Bodeanu N., 1963; Baytut O., Gonulol A., Koray T., 2010; Seyfettin Tas, Erdogan Okus, 2006; Gülnur Özdemyr, Orhan Ak, 2012
 | ua = +
-| uaref = Senicheva M.I., 2008 (Sevastopol Bay, Sevastopol coastal zone, Laspi Bay, Karadag); Zaitsev Y.P. & B.G. Alexandrov, 1998; Polikarpov I.G. et al., 2003; Krahmalniy A.; Morozova-Vodyanitskaya N.V., 1948 (Sevastopol, Karadag); Dereziuk, N., 2008; Bryantseva Yu., 2010; Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., Terenko G.V., 2006 (NW); Nesterova D.A., 2002 (NW, dry estuary); Ryabushko L.I., 2003
+| uaref = Senicheva M.I., 2008 (Sevastopol Bay, Sevastopol coastal zone, Laspi Bay, Karadag); Zaitsev Y.P. & B.G. Alexandrov, 1998; Polikarpov I.G. et al., 2003; Krahmalniy A.; Morozova-Vodyanitskaya N.V., 1948 (Sevastopol, Karadag); Dereziuk, N., 2008; Bryantseva Yu., 2010; Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., Terenko G.V., 2006 (NW); Nesterova D.A., 2002 (NW, dry estuary); Ryabushko L.I., 2003; Stroikina V.G., 1950 (Karadag); Stroikina V.G., 1940 (Karadag); Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., 2009; Terenko G., Kovalyshyna S., Grandova M., 2011; Ivanov A.I. 1959; Ivanov A.I. 1960; Nesterova D. A., 2003; Zernov S. A., 1913; Prokudina L. A., 1952; Zaremba N. V., 2011; Krakhmalny A. F., 2011a; Zaremba N. B., 2013 (Kerch strait);
+}}
+{{LitData
+|Varna Bay;;;1987;autumn;max;1.6;;;;;Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999;;
+|Varna Bay;;;1988;summer;max;1.2;;;;;Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999;;
+|Varna Bay;;;1989;summer;max;1.2;;;;;Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999;;
+|Varna Bay;;;1992;summer;max;1.0;;;;;Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999;;
 }}
@@ Line 45: / Line 64: @@
 | avebr = 23043.6
 | maxbr = 51051
-| minbr2 = 11136.9
-| avebr2 = 32431.5
+| minbr2 = 11136.9
-| maxbr2 = 93594.3
+| avebr2 = 26533
+| maxbr2 = 56745
+| avenest = 40224
 }}
 {{Volume
-| simple = 2 trunc. cones
+| simple = prolate spheroid
 | k = 1
-| complex =
+| complex = cone +  trunc. cone
+| bs_comm =
 | helcom = rotational ellipsoid
 | helcom_comm =
@@ Line 64: / Line 87: @@
 |  list1as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
 |  list2 = x
+|  source2 = x
 |  list3 = x
 |  list4 = x
@@ Line 76: / Line 100: @@
 |  list9 = x
 |  list10 = x
-|  list11 = x
+|  source11 = x
-|  list12 = x
+|  source12 = x
 |  list14 = x
 |  list15 = x
 |  list18 = x
 |  list18as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
-|  list19 = x
+|  source19 = x
-|  list19as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  source19as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
 |  list20 = x
-|  list21 = x
+|  source21 = x
-|  list21as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  source21as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
 |  list25 = x
-|  list25as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra'' F. Stein
+|  list25as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
-|  list26 = x
+|  source26 = x
 |  list27 = x
 |  list34 = x
-|  list34as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra'' F. Stein
+|  list34as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
 |  list35 = x
 |  list36 = x
+|  list38 = x
+|  list38as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list49 = x
+|  list49as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  ref51 = x
+|  ref51as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list54 = x
+|  list54as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list55 = x
+|  list55as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list58 = x
+|  list58as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list67 = x
+|  list67as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list68 = x
+|  list72 = x
+|  list72as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list73 = x
+|  list73as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list74 = x
+|  list74as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list77 = x
+|  ref81 = x
+|  ref82 = x
+|  list85 = x
+|  list85as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list89 = x
+|  list89as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list92 = x
+|  list92as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list94 = x
+|  list94as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list99 = x
+|  list100 = x
+|  ref104 = x
+|  ref104as =  ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list105 = x
+|  list105as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list108 = x
+|  list109 = x
+|  list109as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list110 = x
+|  list110as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list123 = x
+|  list123as = ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
+|  list125 = x
+|  list125as = also ''Gonyaulax polyedra''
 }}
 [[Category:Species]]
 [[Category:Checked]]
+[[Category:Bioluminescence]]