Black Sea Phytoplankton checklist
Attention! The site was discontinued in 2014. The site is not supported and is not updated. Information on the site may be out of date.
Внимание! Разработка сайта прекращена в 2014 году. Сайт не поддрживается и не обновляется. Информация на сайте может быть устаревшей.
Prorocentrum lima
From Black Sea Phytoplankton checklist
Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg, 1860) Stein, 1975
= Cryptomonas lima Ehrenberg 1860 (basionym)
= Exuviaella marina Cienkowski, 1881; Exuviaella marina var. lima Schiller, 1931; Prorocentrum marinum Dodge & Bibby, 1973 (mentioned for the Black Sea)
= Cryptomonas lima Ehrenberg 1860; Exuviaella lima (Ehrenberg) Bütschli 1885; Dinopyxis laevis F.Stein 1883; Exuviaella lima (Ehrenberg) F.Schütt 1896; Exuviaella laevis (Stein) Schroder 1900; Exuviaella cincta Schiller 1918; Exuviaella ostenfeldi Schiller 1933; Exuviaella caspica Kiselev 1940; Prorocentrum arenarium M.A.Faust 1994 (other synonyms)
Classification
Chromista (Kingdom) > Myzozoa (Phylum) > Dinophyceae (Class) > Prorocentrales (Order) > Prorocentraceae (Family) > Prorocentrum (Genus)
WoRMS: 110301
Properties
Environment: marine
Harmful effect: Prorocentrum lima has been found to produce the Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxins: okadaic acid (Murakami et al. 1982), DTX-1 (Lee et al. 1989), DTX-2 (Hu et al. 1993), in addition to a prorocentrolide (Torigoe et al. 1988) and a Fast Acting Toxin (FAT) (Tindall et al. 1984).
(Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2010) IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae at http://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=110301 on 2010-10-15)
Remarks: Harmful effect was proved for the Black sea (Vershinin A. O., Orlova T. Yu., 2008)
Occurrence
| References | |
| Black Sea | Gomez F. & Boicenko L., 2004; Mikaelyan A.S. et al., 2008; Bryantseva Yu., 2000; Ivanov A.I., 1965; Georgieva L.V., 1979 (Bosphorus area); Vershinin A., Velikova V., 2008 |
| Bulgaria | S. Moncheva(IO-BAS), 2010; Konsulov A., 1998 |
| Geogria | Komakhidze A. & N.Mazmanidi, 1998; Gvarishvili Ts., 2010 |
| Romania | Petranu A., 1997; Bodeanu N., 1987-1988 |
| Russia | Vershinin A.O., Moruchkov A.A., Leighfield T. et al., 2005; Vershinin A. O., Orlova T. Yu., 2008 |
| Turkey | Ozturk B., 1998; Eker, E. 1998; Denisenko V. V., 1964; Georgieva L. V., 1969 (Bosphorus area); Gülnur Özdemyr, Orhan Ak, 2012 |
| Ukraine | Pereyaslavtseva, S. M. 1886; Senicheva M.I., 2008 (Sevastopol coastal zone, Karadag); Polikarpov I.G. et al., 2003; Zaitsev Y.P. & B.G. Alexandrov, 1998; Krahmalniy A.; Morozova-Vodyanitskaya N.V., 1948 (Sevastopol); Senichkina L.G. et al., 2001; Ryabushko L.I., 2003; Manzhos L.A., 2008 (Feodosia Bay); Nesterova D. A., 2003; Krakhmalny A. F., 2011a |
Morphometry
| Ref | Region | Length (µm) | Width (µm) | Thickness (µm) | Flattering factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kiselev I.A., 1950 | 36-50 |
Cell volume
| Minimum | Average | Maximum | Database | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1267 | 9578 | 22004 | Cell volumes of phytoplankton of the Black Sea A.S.Mikaelyan, L.G.Senichkina, L.A.Pautova, L.V.Georgieva, V.Dyakonov |
| 2 | 401.6 | 887.5 | 1859.4 | Bryantseva Yu., 2000. Changes in structural characteristic of phytoplankton in the Black Sea |
| 3 | Dereziuk, N., 2008. List of Phytoplankton Species Observed in the Water Area near the Zmiinyi Island in 2004-2007 | |||
| 4 | Bryantseva Yu., 2010. Sevastopol Bay phytoplankton monitoring database 2008 -2009 | |||
| 5 | Сеничкина Л.Г., 1983. Фитопланктон северо-западной части Черного моря в зимний период 1979. | |||
| 6 | 18623 | Нестерова Д. А., 2003. Фитопланктон западной части Черного моря в летний период 1987. |
* (volumes are in cubic microns), values extracted from database
Volume and surface area calculation
| Shape | |
| Simple shape | ellipsoid |
| K(flattening factor) | 0.5 |
| More accurate shape | - |
Hillebrand et al., 1999 - ellipsoid (Hillebrand, H., Dürselen, C. D., Kirschtel, D., Pollingher, D. and Zohary, T. (1999) Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae. J. Phycol., 35, 403–424)
Data
| Reference | Day | Month | Year | Place | Type | Abundance 106cells·l-1 | Biomass g·m-3 | ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denisenko V. V., 1964 | 8 | 1958 | near Bosphorus | max | 0.0002 |
Images
 Prorocentrum lima (b). Photo by V. Velikova. |
Appearance in checklists
1886
1900
1950
2000
2010
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 38 | 49 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 |
| x 1 | x | x 3 | x 4 | x 5 | x 6 | x | x 8 | x | x 10 | x 13 | x | x 18 | x | x | x 34 | x | x 38 | x 57 |
| 58 | 63 | 67 | 68 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 78 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 105 | 108 | 109 | 110 | 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | 120 | 123 | 125 |
| x | x 84 | x 94 | x 100 | x 117 | x |
1 - as Exuviaella marina and as Exuviaella marina var. lima; 3 - as Prorocentrum marinum; 4 - as Prorocentrum marinum; 5 - as Prorocentrum marinum; 6 - as Exuviaella marina; 8 - as Prorocentrum marinum; 10 - as also Prorocentrum marinum; 13 - as Exuviaella marina; 18 - as Exuviaella marina; 34 - as Exuviaella marina; 38 - as Exuviaella marina; 57 - as Prorocentrum marinum; 84 - as Exuviaella marina; 94 - as Prorocentrum marinum; 100 - as Prorocentrum marinum; 117 - as Exuviaella marina;
References
Bodeanu N., 1987-1988. Structure et dynamique d'algoflore unicellulaire dans les eaux du littoral roumain de la mer Noire. Recherches marines(20/21): 19 - 250.*
* - as Prorocentrum marinum
Bryantseva_Yu.,_2000. Variability of the Black Sea phytoplankton structural characteristics. PhD thesis, Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, NASU.*
* - as Exuviaella marina
Denisenko V. V., 1964. On phytoplankton of Adriatic, Ionic, Aegean and Black Sea in August of 1958. Proceedings of Sevastopol Biological Station, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vol. XVII(17): 13-20.*
* - as Exuviaella marina
Eker, E. 1998. Abundance and biomass of micro and nanophytoplankton in the northwestern and southern Black Sea in 1995. Master thesis, Middle East Technical University, IMS.*
* - as Exuviaella marina
Georgieva L. V., 1969. In Vodjanitsky V. A., Dolgopolskaya M. A. (ed.): Water exchange through Bosphorus and its influence on hydrology and biology of the Black sea, Naukova dumka, Kiev, Ch. IV. Phytoplankton of the Bosphorus region of the Black sea: 183-207.*
* - as Exuviaella marina
Georgieva L.V., 1979. Phytoplankton of straits and nearest waters of Mediterranean basin (Фитопланктон проливов и прилежащих вод Средиземноморского бассейна). PhD thesis, Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, NASU, Sevastopol, Ukraine.*
* - as Exuviaella marina
Gomez_F.,_Boicenko_L.,2004. An annotated checklist of dinoflagellates in the Black Sea. Hidrobiologia, Vol. 517: 43-59.
Gvarishvili_Ts.,_2010. Phytoplankton species composition along the Georgian Black Sea coast. Personal list.*
* - as Prorocentrum marinum
Gülnur Özdemyr, Orhan Ak, 2012. Qualitative and quantitative changes of phytoplankton in the South East Black sea (Trabzon coasts). Yunus Arastýrma Bülteni(4): 13 - 25
Ivanov_A.I.,_1965. Characteristics of the qualitative composition of Black Sea phytoplankton. In: The study of plankton of the Black and Azov seas, Naukova dumka, Kiev: 17-35.*
* - as Exuviaella marina and as Exuviaella marina var. lima
Komakhidze_A._&_N._Mazmanidi_1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Georgia. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 8, United Nations Publication, New York, 167 pp.*
* - as Prorocentrum marinum
Konsulov A., 1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Bulgaria. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 5, United Nations Publication, New York, 131 pp.*
* - as Exuviaella marina
Krakhmalny A. F., 2011a. Dinophyta of Ukraine (illustrated book for identification). Kiev:Alterpres, 444 pp.
Krakhmalny A.F., Panina Z.A., Krakhmalny M.A., 2006. In P.M.Tsarenko and S.P.Wasser and E.Nevo (ed.): Dinophyta. Algae of Ukraine: Diversity, Nomenclature, Taxonomy, Ecology and Geography, Ruggell. A.R.A. Gantner Verlag K.G., Liechtenstein, Vol. 1: 470-532.
Manzhos L.A., 2008. Abundance and distribution of phytoplankton in the Feodosia coastal waters in December 2006. Ecologija morja(75): 16-22.*
* - as Prorocentrum marinum
Mikaelyan_A.S._et_al.,_2008. Cell volumes of phytoplankton of the Black Sea. Database.
S._Moncheva(IO-BAS),_2010. Species lists based on sampling identifications and literature. Personal list. Bulgarian waters.
Morozova-Vodyanitskaya_N.V.,_1948. Phytoplankton of the Black Sea: Part 1. Tr. Sevast. Biol. Stantsii, Vol. 6: 39–72.*
* - as Exuviaella marina
Nesterova D. A., 2003. Variability of specific surface of cells of phytoplankton in western part of Black sea. Algologia, Vol. 13(1): 16-25.*
* - as Prorocentrum marinum
Ozturk B., 1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Turkey. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 9, United Nations Publication, New York, 144 pp.
Pereyaslavtseva,_S._M._1886. Protoza of the Black Sea. Notes of Novorossiysk naturalists society, Vol. 10: 79-144.*
* - as Exuviaella marina
Petranu_A.,_1997. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Romania. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 4, United Nations Publication, New York, 315 pp.*
* - as Prorocentrum marinum
Polikarpov_I.G._et_al.,_2003. Microplankton biological diversity in the Black Sea coastal zone near Sevastopol (2001-2003). In Eremeev V.N., Gaevskaya A.V. (ed.): Modern condition of biological diversity in near-shore zone of Crimea (the Black sea sector), Ekosi-Gidrophizika, Sevastopol, Ch. 1: 16-42.*
* - as Prorocentrum marinum
Ryabushko L.I., 2003. Potentially harmful microalgae of the Azov and Black Sea basin. EKOSI-Gidrofizika, Sevastopol, 288 pp.
Senicheva M.I., 2008. Species diversity, seasonal and annual variability of plankton microalgae near Crimea coast. In: The Black Sea microalgae: problems of biodiversity preservation and biotechnological usage, publisher, address, Ch. I: 5-18.*
* - as also Prorocentrum marinum
Senichkina L.G. et al., 2001. Species diversity of Black Sea phytoplankton in the southeastern coast of Crimea. Karadag: History, biology, archaeology. In: Collection of papers dedicated to 85th anniversary of Karadag Scientific Station, Sonat, Simferopol: 119-125.
Vershinin A.O., Moruchkov A.A., Leighfield T. et al., 2005. Potentially toxic algae in northeast Black sea coastal phytoplankton in 2000-2002. Oceanology, Vol. 45(2): 240-248.
Vershinin A. O., Orlova T. Yu., 2008. Toxic and harmful algae in coastal waters of the Russian federation. Oceanology, Vol. 48(4): 568-582.
Vershinin A., Velikova V., 2008. New records and commonly misidentified dinoflagellates from the Black Sea. In: Sovremennie problemi Algologii: Materiali mejdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferencii i VII Shkoli po morskoi biologii (9-13 Iunia 2008g. g. Rostov na Donu), Rostov na Donu, 448.
Zaitsev_Y._P._&_B._G._Alexandrov,_1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Ukraine. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 7, United Nations Publication, New York, 351 pp.*
* - as Prorocentrum marinum
| List based on literature analysis | |
| List extracted from database | |
| List extracted from published paper, which is based on monitoring(scientific) research of scientist(s) and includes analysis of real collected data | |
| Personal list, based on monitoring(scientific research) of scientist (not published as article) | |
| Identification book |
Last revision on 20-05-2013
