Protoceratium reticulatum

From Black Sea Phytoplankton checklist

Protoceratium reticulatum (Claparède et Lachmann, 1859) Bütschli, 1885

(Clap. et J.Lachm.) Btschli 1885. Bronn's "Klass. Ordn. Tierreiches" 1: 1007, pl. 52, fig. 2.

= Peridinium reticulatum Claparède et Lachmann, 1859 (mentioned for the Black Sea)

Classification

Chromista (Kingdom) > Myzozoa (Phylum) > Dinophyceae (Class) > Gonyaulacales (Order) > Gonyaulacaceae (Family) > Protoceratium (Genus)

WoRMS: 110321

Properties

Environment: marine
Habitat: neritic
Biogeographic group: boreal
Harmful effect: Producer of yessotoxin, which may accumulate in bivalves and is toxic to mice. Effect on humans unknown.
(Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2010) IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=110321 on 2010-10-15)
Bioluminescence:C.L.J. Marcinko et al., 2013 (acc. to Liu et al., 2004)

First record for the Black Sea

The species was reported first time for the Black Sea :
year - 1934
found by - Mikhaylovskaya Z.N.
reference - Mikhaylovskaya Z.N., 1936
Novorossiysk
Information found in: Mikhaylovskaya Z.N., 1936 Phytoplankton of the bay of Novorossiysk and its vertical distribution. Works of the V.M. Arnoldi biological station of Novorossiysk. Vol. II, N. 1, 1936, p. 37-54.

Occurrence

	References
Black Sea	Gomez F. & Boicenko L., 2004; Kiselev I.A., 1950; Ivanov A.I., 1965; Sukhanova I. N., Belyaeva T. V., 1980
Bulgaria	Konsulov A., 1998; S. Moncheva(IO-BAS), 2010; Petrova V., 1963; Petrova V., 1957; Bologa A. S., Skolka H. V., Frangopol P. T., 1984; Valkanov A., 1957
Geogria	Komakhidze A. & N.Mazmanidi, 1998; Gvarishvili Ts., 2010
Romania	Petranu A., 1997; Skolka V.H., Roban A., 1989; Bodeanu N., 1987-1988
Russia	O.Yasakova, 2010 (Novorossiysk, Tuapse, Gelendzhik, NE); Morozova-Vodyanitskaya N.V., 1948 (Novorossiysk); Mikhaylovskaya Z.N., 1936 (Novorossiysk); Nezlin N.P., Zernova V.V., 1983 (NE); Vershinin A. O., Orlova T. Yu., 2008; Yasakova O. N., 2013 (Novorossiysk bay)
Turkey	Ozturk B., 1998; Eker E., 1998; Skolka V.H., Bodeanu N., 1963; Georgieva L. V., 1969 (Bosphorus area); Denisenko V. V., 1964; Gülnur Özdemyr, Orhan Ak, 2012
Ukraine	Pereyaslavtseva, S. M. 1886; Senicheva M.I., 2008 (Sevastopol Bay, Sevastopol coastal zone, Laspi Bay, Karadag); Zaitsev Y.P. & B.G. Alexandrov, 1998; Krahmalniy A.; Morozova-Vodyanitskaya N.V., 1948 (Sevastopol, Karadag); Bryantseva Yu., 2010; Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., Terenko G.V., 2006 (NW); Ryabushko L.I., 2003; Stroikina V.G., 1950 (Karadag); Stroikina V.G., 1940 (Karadag); Pitsyk G.K., 1950; Nesterova D. A., 2003; Prokudina L. A., 1952; Krakhmalny A. F., 2011a

Cell volume

	Minimum	Average	Maximum	Database
1				Cell volumes of phytoplankton of the Black Sea A.S.Mikaelyan, L.G.Senichkina, L.A.Pautova, L.V.Georgieva, V.Dyakonov
2				Bryantseva Yu., 2000. Changes in structural characteristic of phytoplankton in the Black Sea
3	4008.8		41888.0	Dereziuk, N., 2008. List of Phytoplankton Species Observed in the Water Area near the Zmiinyi Island in 2004-2007
4	4188.8	27534.6	65450	Bryantseva Yu., 2010. Sevastopol Bay phytoplankton monitoring database 2008 -2009
5				Сеничкина Л.Г., 1983. Фитопланктон северо-западной части Черного моря в зимний период 1979.
6		16027		Нестерова Д. А., 2003. Фитопланктон западной части Черного моря в летний период 1987.

* (volumes are in cubic microns), values extracted from database

Morphometry

Ref	Region	Length (µm)	Width (µm)	Thickness (µm)	Flattering factor
Kiselev I.A., 1950		30-53	30-45

Data

Reference	Day	Month	Year	Place	Type	Abundance 10⁶cells·l^-1	Biomass g·m^-3	ID
Denisenko V. V., 1964		8	1958	near Bosphorus	max	0.0002

Volume and surface area calculation

	Shape
Simple shape	prolate spheroid
K(flattening factor)	1
More accurate shape	-

Hillebrand et al., 1999 - sphere (Hillebrand, H., Dürselen, C. D., Kirschtel, D., Pollingher, D. and Zohary, T. (1999) Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae. J. Phycol., 35, 403–424)

Kiselev I.A., 1950

70 cruise R/V Pr.Vodyanitskiy 20.08.2011 Black Sea

Appearance in checklists

1886

1900

1950

2000

2010

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	33	34	35	36	38	49	54	55	56	57
x	x		x	x	x	x	x	x	x		x	x ¹³	x	x			x									x		x		x		x	x	x

58

63

67

68

72

73

74

75

77

78

84

85

86

87

88

89

92

93

94

99

100

101

102

103

105

108

109

110

116

117

118

119

120

123

125

x

13 - as Peridinium reticulatum;

References

Bodeanu N., 1987-1988. Structure et dynamique d'algoflore unicellulaire dans les eaux du littoral roumain de la mer Noire. Recherches marines(20/21): 19 - 250.

Bologa A. S., Skolka H. V., Frangopol P. T., 1984 Annual cycle of planktonic primary productivity off the Romanian Black Sea coast. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 19: 25–32.

Bryantseva Yu., 2010. Sevastopol Bay phytoplankton monitoring database. Database.

Denisenko V. V., 1964. On phytoplankton of Adriatic, Ionic, Aegean and Black Sea in August of 1958. Proceedings of Sevastopol Biological Station, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vol. XVII(17): 13-20.

Eker, E. 1998. Abundance and biomass of micro and nanophytoplankton in the northwestern and southern Black Sea in 1995. Master thesis, Middle East Technical University, IMS.

Georgieva L. V., 1969. In Vodjanitsky V. A., Dolgopolskaya M. A. (ed.): Water exchange through Bosphorus and its influence on hydrology and biology of the Black sea, Naukova dumka, Kiev, Ch. IV. Phytoplankton of the Bosphorus region of the Black sea: 183-207.

Gomez_F.,_Boicenko_L.,2004. An annotated checklist of dinoflagellates in the Black Sea. Hidrobiologia, Vol. 517: 43-59.

Gvarishvili_Ts.,_2010. Phytoplankton species composition along the Georgian Black Sea coast. Personal list.

Gülnur Özdemyr, Orhan Ak, 2012. Qualitative and quantitative changes of phytoplankton in the South East Black sea (Trabzon coasts). Yunus Arastýrma Bülteni(4): 13 - 25

Ivanov_A.I.,_1965. Characteristics of the qualitative composition of Black Sea phytoplankton. In: The study of plankton of the Black and Azov seas, Naukova dumka, Kiev: 17-35.

Kiselev_I.A.,_1950. Thecate Flagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the Seas and Freshwater Reservoirs of the USSR., USSR Acad. Sci. Publ. House, Moscow-Leningrad, 280 pp.

Komakhidze_A._&_N._Mazmanidi_1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Georgia. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 8, United Nations Publication, New York, 167 pp.

Konsulov A., 1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Bulgaria. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 5, United Nations Publication, New York, 131 pp.

Krakhmalny A. F., 2011a. Dinophyta of Ukraine (illustrated book for identification). Kiev:Alterpres, 444 pp.

Krakhmalny A.F., Panina Z.A., Krakhmalny M.A., 2006. In P.M.Tsarenko and S.P.Wasser and E.Nevo (ed.): Dinophyta. Algae of Ukraine: Diversity, Nomenclature, Taxonomy, Ecology and Geography, Ruggell. A.R.A. Gantner Verlag K.G., Liechtenstein, Vol. 1: 470-532.

Mikhaylovskaya Z.N., 1936. Phytoplankton of the bay of Novorossiysk and its vertical distribution. Works of the V.M. Arnoldi biological station of Novorossiysk, Vol. II(1): 37-54.

S._Moncheva(IO-BAS),_2010. Species lists based on sampling identifications and literature. Personal list. Bulgarian waters.

Morozova-Vodyanitskaya_N.V.,_1948. Phytoplankton of the Black Sea: Part 1. Tr. Sevast. Biol. Stantsii, Vol. 6: 39–72.

Nesterova D. A., 2003. Variability of specific surface of cells of phytoplankton in western part of Black sea. Algologia, Vol. 13(1): 16-25.

Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., Terenko G.V., 2006. In: North-Western part of the Black Sea: biology and ecology, Naukova dumka, Kiev: 557-576.

Nezlin N.P., Zernova V.V., 1983. Species composition of the phytoplankton in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea and sizes of some species. In: Seasonal changes of the Black Sea phytoplankton, Nauka, M.: 6 - 12.

Ozturk B., 1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Turkey. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 9, United Nations Publication, New York, 144 pp.

Pereyaslavtseva,_S._M._1886. Protoza of the Black Sea. Notes of Novorossiysk naturalists society, Vol. 10: 79-144.^*
* - as Peridinium reticulatum

Petranu_A.,_1997. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Romania. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 4, United Nations Publication, New York, 315 pp.

Petrova V., 1957. Dinoflagellata of the Black Sea Bulgarian coast. Bulletin de L'Institut central de recherche scientifique de pisciculture et de pecherie - Varna, Vol. 1: 113–124.

Petrova V., 1963. The phytoplankton along the bulgarian coast of the Black sea during the 1954-1957 period. Bulletin de L'Institut central de recherche scientifique de pisciculture et de pecherie - Varna, Vol. 3: 31–60.

Pitsyk G.K., 1950. On quantitative development and horizontal distribution of the phytoplankton in the western part of the Black Sea. Tr.AzcherVNIRO(14): 215–245.

Prokudina L. A., 1952. Catalogue of Black sea fauna and flora near Karadag biological station. Works of Karagad biol. st. Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR(12): 116-127.

Ryabushko L.I., 2003. Potentially harmful microalgae of the Azov and Black Sea basin. EKOSI-Gidrofizika, Sevastopol, 288 pp.

Senicheva M.I., 2008. Species diversity, seasonal and annual variability of plankton microalgae near Crimea coast. In: The Black Sea microalgae: problems of biodiversity preservation and biotechnological usage, publisher, address, Ch. I: 5-18.

Skolka V.H., Bodeanu N., 1963. Research of the Bosphorus part of the Black Sea. Revue de biologie, Vol. 8(1): 89–104.

Skolka V.H., Roban A., 1989. La repartition et la dynamique du phytoplancton sur la plateforme continentale roumaine au cours des annees 1980-1981. In: Recherches marines, publisher, Constanta: 147-171.

Stroikina V.G., 1940. Species composition of the phytoplankton near Karadag, Black Sea. Works of Karadag biological station of academy of sciences of Ukrainian SSR(6): 94-96.

Stroikina V.G., 1950. Phytoplankton of the Black sea near Karadag and it's seasonal dynamics. Works of Karadag biological station of academy of sciences of Ukrainian SSR(10): 38-52.

Sukhanova I. N., Belyaeva T. V., 1980. Species composition, distribution and diurnal changes in phytoplankton of the Black Sea in October of 1978. In: Pelagical ecosystems of the Black Sea, Nauka, M.: 65 - 91.

Valkanov A., 1957. Catalogue of our Black sea fauna. Proceedings of marine biological station in Varna(Bulgaria), Vol. 19: 1-62.

Vershinin A. O., Orlova T. Yu., 2008. Toxic and harmful algae in coastal waters of the Russian federation. Oceanology, Vol. 48(4): 568-582.

O.Yasakova,_2010. Phytoplankton of the northern-eastern part of Black Sea 1995 - 2009. Personal list.

Yasakova_O._N.,_2013. The annual dynamics of the phytoplankton in the Novorossiysk bay in 2007 Marine ecological journal, Vol. 12(1): 92 - 102.

Zaitsev_Y._P._&_B._G._Alexandrov,_1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Ukraine. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 7, United Nations Publication, New York, 351 pp.

	List based on literature analysis
	List extracted from database
	List extracted from published paper, which is based on monitoring(scientific) research of scientist(s) and includes analysis of real collected data
	Personal list, based on monitoring(scientific research) of scientist (not published as article)
	Identification book

Last revision on 20-05-2013