Gonyaulax apiculata

From Black Sea Phytoplankton checklist

Gonyaulax apiculata (Pénard, 1891) Entz, 1904

= Gonyaulax clevei Ostenfeld 1901; Gonyaulax apiculata var. clevei (Ostenfeld) Ostenfeld 1908; Gonyaulax polonica Woloszynska 1916; Gonyaulax limnetica Lindemann 1918; Kolkwitziella salebrosa Lindemann 1918; Kolkwitziella salebrosa var. gibbera Lindemann 1924; Gonyaulax austriaca Schiller 1926; Kolkwitziella gibbera (Lindemann) Lindemann 1928 (other synonyms)

Classification

Chromista (Kingdom) > Myzozoa (Phylum) > Dinophyceae (Class) > Gonyaulacales (Order) > Gonyaulacaceae (Family) > Gonyaulax (Genus)

WoRMS: 110010

Properties

Environment: marine; freshwater
Black Sea bioluminescence: Bityukov E. P., Evstigneev P. V., Tokarev Yu. N., 1993

Occurrence

	References
Black Sea	Gomez F. & Boicenko L., 2004; Mikaelyan A.S. et al., 2008; Bityukov E. P., Evstigneev P. V., Tokarev Yu. N., 1993
Bulgaria	Konsulov A., 1998; S. Moncheva(IO-BAS), 2010
Geogria	Gvarishvili Ts., 2010
Romania
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine	Krahmalniy A.; Dereziuk, N., 2008; Krakhmalny A. F., 2011a

Cell volume

	Minimum	Average	Maximum	Database
1	12000	17000	22500	Cell volumes of phytoplankton of the Black Sea A.S.Mikaelyan, L.G.Senichkina, L.A.Pautova, L.V.Georgieva, V.Dyakonov
2				Bryantseva Yu., 2000. Changes in structural characteristic of phytoplankton in the Black Sea
3	18321.8		18321.8	Dereziuk, N., 2008. List of Phytoplankton Species Observed in the Water Area near the Zmiinyi Island in 2004-2007
4				Bryantseva Yu., 2010. Sevastopol Bay phytoplankton monitoring database 2008 -2009
5				Сеничкина Л.Г., 1983. Фитопланктон северо-западной части Черного моря в зимний период 1979.
6				Нестерова Д. А., 2003. Фитопланктон западной части Черного моря в летний период 1987.

* (volumes are in cubic microns), values extracted from database

Volume and surface area calculation

	Shape
Simple shape	prolate spheroid
K(flattening factor)	0.98
More accurate shape	half sphere + trunc. cone

Hillebrand et al., 1999 - 2 cones (Hillebrand, H., Dürselen, C. D., Kirschtel, D., Pollingher, D. and Zohary, T. (1999) Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae. J. Phycol., 35, 403–424)

Appearance in checklists

1886

1900

1950

2000

2010

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	33	34	35	36	38	49	54	55	56	57
	x				x			x					x						x

58	63	67	68	72	73	74	75	77	78	84	85	86	87	88	89	92	93	94	99	100	101	102	103	105	108	109	110	116	117	118	119	120	123	125

References

Bityukov E. P., Evstigneev P. V., Tokarev Yu. N., 1993. Luminescent dinoflagellata of the Black Sea as affected by anthropogenic factors. Hydrobiological Journal, Vol. 29: 27-34.

Dereziuk_N.,_2008. List of Phytoplankton Species Observed in the Water Area near the Zmiinyi Island in 2004-2007. In: Zmiinyi Island. Ecosystem of Coastal Waters: monograph, Astroprint, Odesa, Ch. XII: 208-218.

Gomez_F.,_Boicenko_L.,2004. An annotated checklist of dinoflagellates in the Black Sea. Hidrobiologia, Vol. 517: 43-59.

Gvarishvili_Ts.,_2010. Phytoplankton species composition along the Georgian Black Sea coast. Personal list.

Konsulov A., 1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Bulgaria. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 5, United Nations Publication, New York, 131 pp.

Krakhmalny A. F., 2011a. Dinophyta of Ukraine (illustrated book for identification). Kiev:Alterpres, 444 pp.

Krakhmalny A.F., Panina Z.A., Krakhmalny M.A., 2006. In P.M.Tsarenko and S.P.Wasser and E.Nevo (ed.): Dinophyta. Algae of Ukraine: Diversity, Nomenclature, Taxonomy, Ecology and Geography, Ruggell. A.R.A. Gantner Verlag K.G., Liechtenstein, Vol. 1: 470-532.

Mikaelyan_A.S._et_al.,_2008. Cell volumes of phytoplankton of the Black Sea. Database.

S._Moncheva(IO-BAS),_2010. Species lists based on sampling identifications and literature. Personal list. Bulgarian waters.

	List based on literature analysis
	List extracted from database
	List extracted from published paper, which is based on monitoring(scientific) research of scientist(s) and includes analysis of real collected data
	Personal list, based on monitoring(scientific research) of scientist (not published as article)
	Identification book

Last revision on 20-05-2013