Alexandrium monilatum

From Black Sea Phytoplankton checklist

Alexandrium monilatum (Howell, 1953) Balech, 1985

= Gonyaulax monilata Howell, 1953 (basionym)

= Gessnerium mochimaensis Halim, 1967 (mentioned for the Black Sea)

= Gonyaulax monilata Howell, 1953; Pyrodinium monilatum (Howell) Taylor, 1976; Gessnerium monilata (Howell) Loeblich III 1970; Gonyaulax monilatum (Howell) Loeblich III (other synonyms)

Classification

Chromista (Kingdom) > Myzozoa (Phylum) > Dinophyceae (Class) > Gonyaulacales (Order) > Gonyaulacaceae (Family) > Alexandrium (Genus)

WoRMS: 231875

Properties

Environment: marine
Harmful effect: Produces fish mortality-causing and haemolytic compounds
(Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2010) IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae at http://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=231875 on 2010-10-15)
Bioluminescence:Sweeny, 1963 (Pacific Ocean, as Gonyaulax monilata); C.L.J. Marcinko et al., 2013
Black Sea blooming species (Moncheva S. et. al., 2001; Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999;)

Occurrence

	References
Black Sea	Gomez F. & Boicenko L., 2004
Bulgaria	S. Moncheva(IO-BAS), 2010; Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999; Moncheva S. et. al., 2001; Konsulov A., 1998
Geogria
Romania
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine

Data from literature

	Place	Day	Month	Year	Season	Type	Abundance 10⁶cells·l^-1	Biomass g·m^-3	Depth	Conditions	with	Reference
	Varna Bay			1991	autumn	max	1.7					Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999

T(°C) ,S(‰), N-NO2(mg l^-1), N-N03(mg l^-1), P-PO4(mg l^-1), Total Fe(mg l^-1), Chl-a (mg l^-1)

Volume and surface area calculation

	Shape
Simple shape
K(flattening factor)
More accurate shape	-

Hillebrand et al., 1999 - ellipsoid (Hillebrand, H., Dürselen, C. D., Kirschtel, D., Pollingher, D. and Zohary, T. (1999) Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae. J. Phycol., 35, 403–424)

Appearance in checklists

1886

1900

1950

2000

2010

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	33	34	35	36	38	49	54	55	56	57
					x ⁶			x

58	63	67	68	72	73	74	75	77	78	84	85	86	87	88	89	92	93	94	99	100	101	102	103	105	108	109	110	116	117	118	119	120	123	125

6 - as Gessnerium mochimaensis;

References

Gomez_F.,_Boicenko_L.,2004. An annotated checklist of dinoflagellates in the Black Sea. Hidrobiologia, Vol. 517: 43-59.

Konsulov A., 1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Bulgaria. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 5, United Nations Publication, New York, 131 pp.^*
* - as Gessnerium mochimaensis
S._Moncheva(IO-BAS),_2010. Species lists based on sampling identifications and literature. Personal list. Bulgarian waters.
Moncheva S. et al., 2001. On the long-term response of harmful algal blooms to the evolution of eutrophication off the Bulgarian Black Sea coast: Are the recent changes a sign of recovery of the ecosystem - The uncertainties. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms, 7-l1 February 2000, Hobart, Australia, 177-181.
Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999. Phytoplankton dynamics and red tides (1987 – 1997) in the Bulgarian Black Sea. Water Science and Technology, Vol. 39(8): 27-36.

	List based on literature analysis
	List extracted from database
	List extracted from published paper, which is based on monitoring(scientific) research of scientist(s) and includes analysis of real collected data
	Personal list, based on monitoring(scientific research) of scientist (not published as article)
	Identification book

Last revision on 20-05-2013