Skeletonema costatum

From Black Sea Phytoplankton checklist

Skeletonema costatum (Greville) P.T. Cleve, 1878

= Melosira costata Greville, 1866 (mentioned for the Black Sea)

Classification

Chromista (Kingdom) > Ochrophyta (Phylum) > Bacillariophyceae (Class) > Thalassiosirales (Order) > Skeletonemaceae (Family) > Skeletonema (Genus)

WoRMS: 149074

Properties

Environment: marine; brackish/marine/euryhaline
Habitat: pelagic
Biogeographic group: eurythermic
Black Sea blooming species (Moncheva S. et. al., 2001; Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999;)

Occurrence

	References
Black Sea	Proshkina-Lavrenko A.I., 1955; Mikaelyan A.S. et al., 2008; Bryantseva Yu., 2000; Ivanov A.I., 1965; Georgieva L.V., 1979 (Bosphorus area)
Bulgaria	Konsulov A., 1998; S. Moncheva(IO-BAS), 2010; Petrova V., 1963; Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999; Moncheva S. et. al., 2001;
Geogria	Komakhidze A. & N.Mazmanidi, 1998; Morozova-Vodyanitskaya N.V., 1948 (Batumi); Gvarishvili Ts., 2010; Nikitin V.N., 1939 (Batumi);
Romania	Petranu A., 1997; Boicenco L. Updated list from Bodeanu N., 1987-88; Skolka V.H., Roban A., 1989; Bologa A. S., Skolka H. V., Frangopol P. T., 1984; Bodeanu N., 1987-1988; Bodeanu N., Ruta G., 1994-1995
Russia	O.Yasakova, 2010 (Novorossiysk, Tuapse, Anapa, Gelendzhik, NE); Morozova-Vodyanitskaya N.V., 1948 (Novorossiysk); Vershinin A.O., Moruchkov A.A., Leighfield T. et al., 2005; Mikhaylovskaya Z.N., 1936 (Novorossiysk); Nezlin N.P., Zernova V.V., 1983 (NE); Yasakova O. N., 2013 (Novorossiysk bay)
Turkey	Ozturk B., 1998; M.Turkoglu, T.Koray, 2002; Eker E., 1998; Skolka V.H., Bodeanu N., 1963; Denisenko V. V., 1964; Baytut O., Gonulol A., Koray T., 2010; Seyfettin Tas, Erdogan Okus, 2006; Georgieva L. V., 1969 (Bosphorus area); Gülnur Özdemyr, Orhan Ak, 2012
Ukraine	Reinhard, L.V. 1909; Polikarpov I.G. et al., 2003; Zaitsev Y.P. & B.G. Alexandrov, 1998; Senicheva M.I., 2008(Sevastopol Bay, Sevastopol coastal zone, Laspi Bay, Karadag); Morozova-Vodyanitskaya N.V., 1948 (Sevastopol, Odessa, Karadag); Dereziuk, N., 2008; Bryantseva Yu., 2010; Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., Terenko G.V., 2006 (NW); Nesterova D.A., 2002 (NW, dry estuary); Ryabushko L.I., 2003; Stroikina V.G., 1950 (Karadag); Stroikina V.G., 1940 (Karadag); Manzhos L.A., 2008 (Feodosia Bay); Senichkina L.G., 1983 (NW); Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., 2009; Pitsyk G.K., 1950; Senicheva M.I., 1971 (Sevastopol area); Terenko G., Kovalyshyna S., Grandova M., 2011; Lebedev V. 1916; Aksentiev B. N., 1926; Usachev P. I., 1928; Ivanov A.I. 1959; Ivanov A.I. 1960; Nesterova D. A., 2003; Prokudina L. A., 1952; Zaremba N. V., 2011; Senichkina L. G., 1973; Bryantseva Yu., Zaremba N., Slipetskiy D., 2008; Bryantseva Yu., Silakov M., Slipetskiy D., Danilova O., 2009; Zaremba N. B., 2013 (Kerch strait);

Data from literature

Place	Day	Month	Year	Season	Type	Abundance 10⁶cells·l^-1	Biomass g·m^-3	Reference
Dnestr area	26	3	1955		max		1.04	Ivanov A.I. 1960
near Bosphorus		8	1958		max	0.0007		Denisenko V. V., 1964
Varna Bay			1987	winter	max	7.4		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1987	spring	max	1.5		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1989	spring	max	8.9		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1990	winter	max	14.1		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1991	winter	max	17.6		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1991	spring	max	22.9		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1992	winter	max	1.3		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1992	spring	max	13.9		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1992	summer	max	15		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1992	autumn	max	9.1		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1993	winter	max	7.13		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1993	spring	max	32.9		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1993	summer	max	2.3		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1994	winter	max	10.0		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1994	spring	max	22.9		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1994	autumn	max	3.7		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1995	winter	max	6.3		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1995	spring	max	3.0		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1996	winter	max	9.5		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1996	spring	max	2.9		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1996	autumn	max	57.2		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999
Varna Bay			1997	autumn	max	5.1		Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999

T(°C) ,S(‰), N-NO2(mg l^-1), N-N03(mg l^-1), P-PO4(mg l^-1), Total Fe(mg l^-1), Chl-a (mg l^-1)

Cell volume

	Minimum	Average	Maximum	Database
1	19	649,8	7110	Cell volumes of phytoplankton of the Black Sea A.S.Mikaelyan, L.G.Senichkina, L.A.Pautova, L.V.Georgieva, V.Dyakonov
2	25.1	261.0	2090.7	Bryantseva Yu., 2000. Changes in structural characteristic of phytoplankton in the Black Sea
3	21.2		785.4	Dereziuk, N., 2008. List of Phytoplankton Species Observed in the Water Area near the Zmiinyi Island in 2004-2007
4	105.2	311.9	679.1	Bryantseva Yu., 2010. Sevastopol Bay phytoplankton monitoring database 2008 -2009
5	21		300	Сеничкина Л.Г., 1983. Фитопланктон северо-западной части Черного моря в зимний период 1979.
6		336		Нестерова Д. А., 2003. Фитопланктон западной части Черного моря в летний период 1987.

* (volumes are in cubic microns), values extracted from database

Volume and surface area calculation

	Shape
Simple shape	cylinder
K(flattening factor)	1
More accurate shape	cylinder + 2 sph. segments

Hillebrand et al., 1999 - cylinder + 2 half spheres
(Species with flat valves can be calculated as cylinders) (Hillebrand, H., Dürselen, C. D., Kirschtel, D., Pollingher, D. and Zohary, T. (1999) Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae. J. Phycol., 35, 403–424)

Images

Proshkina-Lavrenko, A.I. 1955. Plankton diatoms of the Black Sea

Appearance in checklists

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References

Aksentiev B. N., 1926 Notes of phytoplankton in the Gulf of Odessa. Magazine of research institutes of Odessa, Vol. 2(4): 62 - 79.

Baytut O., Gonulol A., Koray T., 2010. Temporal variations of phytoplankton in relation to eutrophication in Samsun bay, southern Black Sea. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sc.(10): 363-372.

Bodeanu N., 1987-1988. Structure et dynamique d'algoflore unicellulaire dans les eaux du littoral roumain de la mer Noire. Recherches marines(20/21): 19 - 250.

Bodeanu N., Ruta G., 1994-1995. Phytoplankton structure and dynamics in the contingency zone between the waters of the Danube - Black sea canal and the sea waters. Recherches marines(27-28): 81 - 99.

Boicenco L. Updated list from Bodeanu N., 1987-1988. Structure et dynamique de l'algoflore unicellulaire dans les eaux du littoral Roumain de la Mer Noire. Research Marines(20/21): 19-250.

Bologa A. S., Skolka H. V., Frangopol P. T., 1984 Annual cycle of planktonic primary productivity off the Romanian Black Sea coast. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 19: 25–32.

Bryantseva_Yu.,_2000. Variability of the Black Sea phytoplankton structural characteristics. PhD thesis, Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, NASU.

Bryantseva Yu., 2010. Sevastopol Bay phytoplankton monitoring database. Database.

Bryantseva Yu., Silakov M., Slipetskiy D., Danilova O., 2009. State of the phytoplankton near Kerch strait in August 2009. In V International conference: Modern problems of Azov and Black seas region ecology (Kerch, 8-9 October 2009), Kerch, 26-32.

Bryantseva Yu., Zaremba N., Slipetskiy D., 2008. State of the phytoplankton near Kerch strait after technogenic accident of 2007. In IV International conference: Modern problems of Azov and Black seas region ecology (Kerch, 8-9 October 2008), Kerch, 76-81.

Denisenko V. V., 1964. On phytoplankton of Adriatic, Ionic, Aegean and Black Sea in August of 1958. Proceedings of Sevastopol Biological Station, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vol. XVII(17): 13-20.

Dereziuk_N.,_2008. List of Phytoplankton Species Observed in the Water Area near the Zmiinyi Island in 2004-2007. In: Zmiinyi Island. Ecosystem of Coastal Waters: monograph, Astroprint, Odesa, Ch. XII: 208-218.

Eker, E. 1998. Abundance and biomass of micro and nanophytoplankton in the northwestern and southern Black Sea in 1995. Master thesis, Middle East Technical University, IMS.

Georgieva L. V., 1969. In Vodjanitsky V. A., Dolgopolskaya M. A. (ed.): Water exchange through Bosphorus and its influence on hydrology and biology of the Black sea, Naukova dumka, Kiev, Ch. IV. Phytoplankton of the Bosphorus region of the Black sea: 183-207.

Georgieva L.V., 1979. Phytoplankton of straits and nearest waters of Mediterranean basin (Фитопланктон проливов и прилежащих вод Средиземноморского бассейна). PhD thesis, Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, NASU, Sevastopol, Ukraine.

Gvarishvili_Ts.,_2010. Phytoplankton species composition along the Georgian Black Sea coast. Personal list.

Gülnur Özdemyr, Orhan Ak, 2012. Qualitative and quantitative changes of phytoplankton in the South East Black sea (Trabzon coasts). Yunus Arastýrma Bülteni(4): 13 - 25

Ivanov A. I., 1959. About phytoplankton mass development in the Northern-Western part of the Black Sea in 1954 - 1956. Proceedings of Odessa Biological Station(1): 6 - 33.

Ivanov A. I., 1960. Characteristics of qualitative composition and quantitative distribution of phytoplankton in the north-western Black Sea. Transactions of the hydrobiological society of the USSR, Vol. X: 182 - 196.

Ivanov_A.I.,_1965. Characteristics of the qualitative composition of Black Sea phytoplankton. In: The study of plankton of the Black and Azov seas, Naukova dumka, Kiev: 17-35.

Komakhidze_A._&_N._Mazmanidi_1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Georgia. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 8, United Nations Publication, New York, 167 pp.

Konsulov A., 1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Bulgaria. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 5, United Nations Publication, New York, 131 pp.

Lebedev V., 1916. Observations on the composition and the change of surface plankton in the Gulf of Odessa. Imperial Society for Agriculture of Southern Russia notes, Vol. 87(book 1): 102 - 147.

Manzhos L.A., 2008. Abundance and distribution of phytoplankton in the Feodosia coastal waters in December 2006. Ecologija morja(75): 16-22.

Mikaelyan_A.S._et_al.,_2008. Cell volumes of phytoplankton of the Black Sea. Database.

Mikhaylovskaya Z.N., 1936. Phytoplankton of the bay of Novorossiysk and its vertical distribution. Works of the V.M. Arnoldi biological station of Novorossiysk, Vol. II(1): 37-54.

S._Moncheva(IO-BAS),_2010. Species lists based on sampling identifications and literature. Personal list. Bulgarian waters.

Moncheva S. et al., 2001. On the long-term response of harmful algal blooms to the evolution of eutrophication off the Bulgarian Black Sea coast: Are the recent changes a sign of recovery of the ecosystem - The uncertainties. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms, 7-l1 February 2000, Hobart, Australia, 177-181.

Morozova-Vodyanitskaya_N.V.,_1948. Phytoplankton of the Black Sea: Part 1. Tr. Sevast. Biol. Stantsii, Vol. 6: 39–72.

Nesterova D. A., 2002. Phytoplankton of the dry estuary and contiguous part of the Black sea. Environmental safety of coastal and shelf zone and comprehensive use of shelf resource, Vol. 1(6): 355-364.

Nesterova D. A., 2003. Variability of specific surface of cells of phytoplankton in western part of Black sea. Algologia, Vol. 13(1): 16-25.

Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., 2009. Karkinit Bay phytoplankton in September of 2008. Ecological safety of coastal and shelf zones and comprehensive use of shelf resources: Collected scientific papers(20): 293 - 300.

Nesterova D.A., Terenko L.M., Terenko G.V., 2006. In: North-Western part of the Black Sea: biology and ecology, Naukova dumka, Kiev: 557-576.

Nezlin N.P., Zernova V.V., 1983. Species composition of the phytoplankton in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea and sizes of some species. In: Seasonal changes of the Black Sea phytoplankton, Nauka, M.: 6 - 12.

Nikitin V.N., 1939. Batumi bay phytoplankton and it's annual changes. In: Col. dedicated to scientific work of N. M. Knipovicha, publisher, Moscow: 63-86.

Ozturk B., 1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Turkey. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 9, United Nations Publication, New York, 144 pp.

Petranu_A.,_1997. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Romania. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 4, United Nations Publication, New York, 315 pp.

Petrova V., 1963. The phytoplankton along the bulgarian coast of the Black sea during the 1954-1957 period. Bulletin de L'Institut central de recherche scientifique de pisciculture et de pecherie - Varna, Vol. 3: 31–60.

Pitsyk G.K., 1950. On quantitative development and horizontal distribution of the phytoplankton in the western part of the Black Sea. Tr.AzcherVNIRO(14): 215–245.

Polikarpov_I.G._et_al.,_2003. Microplankton biological diversity in the Black Sea coastal zone near Sevastopol (2001-2003). In Eremeev V.N., Gaevskaya A.V. (ed.): Modern condition of biological diversity in near-shore zone of Crimea (the Black sea sector), Ekosi-Gidrophizika, Sevastopol, Ch. 1: 16-42.

Prokudina L. A., 1952. Catalogue of Black sea fauna and flora near Karadag biological station. Works of Karagad biol. st. Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR(12): 116-127.

Proshkina-Lavrenko_A.I.,_1955. Diatomovye vodorosli planktona Chernogo morya. AN SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 222 pp.

Reinhard, L.V. 1909. The Black Sea phytoplankton from the Kertch Bay, the Bosporus and Marmara Sea. In: Trud. Obstch. Ispit. Prir. Pr. Harkovsk. Univ., Vol. 13: 3-31.

Ryabushko L.I., 2003. Potentially harmful microalgae of the Azov and Black Sea basin. EKOSI-Gidrofizika, Sevastopol, 288 pp.

Senicheva M. I., 1971. Composition and quantitative development of phytoplankton of neritic zone in. Sevastopol area during autumn-winter 1968-1969. Biologia moria(24): 3-12.

Senicheva M.I., 2008. Species diversity, seasonal and annual variability of plankton microalgae near Crimea coast. In: The Black Sea microalgae: problems of biodiversity preservation and biotechnological usage, publisher, address, Ch. I: 5-18.

Senichkina L. G., 1973. Phytoplankton of the clear and contaminated by wastewater waters near Yalta. Biology of the sea(28): 135 - 150.

Senichkina L.G., 1983. Phytoplankton of north-western part of the Black Sea during winter period. In: Seasonal changes of the Black Sea phytoplankton, Nauka, M.: 55 - 65.

Seyfettin Tas, Erdogan Okus, 2006. Investigation of qualitatively phytoplankton in the Turkish coasts of the Black Sea and a species list. J. Black sea/Mediterranean Environment, Vol. 12: 181-191.

Skolka V.H., Bodeanu N., 1963. Research of the Bosphorus part of the Black Sea. Revue de biologie, Vol. 8(1): 89–104.

Skolka V.H., Roban A., 1989. La repartition et la dynamique du phytoplancton sur la plateforme continentale roumaine au cours des annees 1980-1981. In: Recherches marines, publisher, Constanta: 147-171.

Stroikina V.G., 1940. Species composition of the phytoplankton near Karadag, Black Sea. Works of Karadag biological station of academy of sciences of Ukrainian SSR(6): 94-96.

Stroikina V.G., 1950. Phytoplankton of the Black sea near Karadag and it's seasonal dynamics. Works of Karadag biological station of academy of sciences of Ukrainian SSR(10): 38-52.

Terenko G., Kovalyshyna S., Grandova M., 2011. Long-term structural changes in the phytoplankton community of NWBS. In: 3rd Bi-annual BS Scientific Conference and UP-GRADE BS-SCENE Project Joint Conference Abstracts, Odessa, Ukraine 1 - 4 November 2011, 192.

M.Turkoglu,_T.Koray,_2002. Phytoplankton species succession and nutrients in the Southern Black Sea (Bay of Sinop). Turkish Journal of Botany(26): 235–252.

Usachev P. I., 1928. Notes on phytoplankton of the north-western part of the Black sea. In: Dnevnik vsesoyuznogo s'ezda botanikov v Leningrade v janvare 1928, Leningrad, 163-164.

Velikova V., Moncheva S., Petrova D., 1999. Phytoplankton dynamics and red tides (1987 – 1997) in the Bulgarian Black Sea. Water Science and Technology, Vol. 39(8): 27-36.

Vershinin A.O., Moruchkov A.A., Leighfield T. et al., 2005. Potentially toxic algae in northeast Black sea coastal phytoplankton in 2000-2002. Oceanology, Vol. 45(2): 240-248.

O.Yasakova,_2010. Phytoplankton of the northern-eastern part of Black Sea 1995 - 2009. Personal list.

Yasakova_O._N.,_2013. The annual dynamics of the phytoplankton in the Novorossiysk bay in 2007 Marine ecological journal, Vol. 12(1): 92 - 102.

Zaitsev_Y._P._&_B._G._Alexandrov,_1998. Black Sea Biological Diversity, Ukraine. Black Sea Environmental Series, Vol. 7, United Nations Publication, New York, 351 pp.

Zaremba N. V., 2011. Change of phytoplankton community in the Southern Kerch Strait in 2003-2008: The main results of complex research in the basins of Azov and Black seas and in the world ocean. Proceedings of YugNIRO, Vol. 49: 72-79.

Zaremba N. B., 2013. Phytoplankton community of the southern Kerch Strait during late spring period in 2009–2012. YugNIRO Proceedings V.51: 40 - 43

	List based on literature analysis
	List extracted from database
	List extracted from published paper, which is based on monitoring(scientific) research of scientist(s) and includes analysis of real collected data
	Personal list, based on monitoring(scientific research) of scientist (not published as article)
	Identification book

Last revision on 20-05-2013